Improvement in water-closets



` 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. ZANE.

f WATER-cLosET. No.v19`0,178. Patented May 1, 1877.

UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFTCE.

JOSEPH ZANE, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF HIS RIGHT TO FRANCIS lOACH, OF SAME PLAGE.

IMPROVEMENT IN WATER-CLOSETS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 190,178, dated May l, 1877 application filed a y February 17, 1877.

To all whom 'it may concern: f

Be it known that I, JOSEPH ZANE, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Water-Closets, of which the following is a specification t This invention has for its object the following'purposes: first, the perfect flushing of the bowl and outlet'pipe at every discharge of their contents; second, in preventing the escape of sewage-gas and unpleasant odors from the bowl; third, in so constructingmy improvements that they are applicable to anyof the bowls commonly in use.

These results I obtain by the followingdescribed mechanism and arrangement of parts, relative to each other.

Reference is made to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification, in explaining the same, in which- Figure lis a plan of the water-closet; Fig. 2 isa vertical section ou the line a: Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a vertical section on. the line y y, Fig. 1. Figs. 4 and 5 are detail views. Fig. 6 is a cross-section, showing the oval shape of the outlet-pipe. y t

Arranged immediately next to, and preferably on the right side of, the bowl A, isthe reservoir B; and the outlet G-the cross-sec` tion of which presents au oval or somewhat elliptical form of less vertical than horizontalV measurement, (represented in Fig. 6 at a,) which thus enables this closet to be placed over the stench-trap set for a pan-closet ot' usnalconstruction,and to have the usual bowl of such a closet set upon the flanges e of thel said oval pipe Without raising the seat unduly, and without making `the outlet G of too little inclination to be practical, as in some previous contrivances--is inclined from the bottom ofthe bowl to the base of the reservoir, connects the two parts, and conveys the contents of the bowl to the waste-pipe D.

A plunger, E, with the handle E1 and packing c, closes the waste-pipe D by the contact of the packing with a valve-seat, b.. The res ervoir is covered by plate B.

Water enters the bowl through supply-pipe F, and its volume is regulated by the height ofthe water in the reservoir, which, through the weighted ballGand arm g, operate'a cock, H, whose constructionwill be hereinafter eX- plained.

A small sten ch-trap, c, provided at its upper bend with aV hole, c', with piped', which com- `municates from or near the top ofthe reservoir, to the waste-pipe below the valve-seat, together serve in providing an overiiow or water-escape from the reservoir.

The bowl is also provided with the entrance i I opening into the reservoir a triiie below the opening of the supply-pipe, and the holeiK upon the side of the reservoir, near its top, is

designed to open into a pipe leading to the hot line of a chimney, or some other ventilator. l

The cock or faucet which regulates the feeding of the Water is arranged inside the reservoir,and consists of an induction-way, 1, an eductionway,2, a spindle, a valveAL. The casing of the cock is composed ot' the chamber 5, the cap 6, which screws onto the chamber as shown, and is provided at its other end with cams 7, a key, 8, with cams conversely arranged to those on cap 6, and an arm, 9, projecting from the key and provided with a hole for the reception ot' the arm g, which is fasteneditherein by aset-screw. The key is held ou the spindle by the washer and pin 10, or

anyV other suitable contrivance. Inside the chamber, and `surrounding the spindle, is the s'pring'11,'0ne end of which bears against the end of the capand Vthe other upon the valve,

4 which constantly acts to force the valve to its seat. The valvehas a packing arranged over and somewhat larger than the induction-way .inserted on its face, and the valve-scat is formed by the end ot'the chamber.

One end of chamber 5 projects outside the reservoir, and is provided witha screw-thread, upon which cap l2 is screwed. This eapnot onlyserves to hold the nipple 13 against the end of the joint by means ofthe fiange 14, but it also holds the cock in position on the inside of the reservoir by being screwed tightly against the wall of the reservoir outside the same. A

Hole 15 is formed in chamber 5 or in the eduction-way 2, immediately over and .open ing into the top of stench-trap c. It is very small in size, and is designed to permit theA escape of a small stream of water into the stench-trap every time the cock is opened, so that the water-seal in the trap may'not be broken by evaporation. Fig. 4 clearly shows this construction.

` pressing the spring.

It is substantially a seli1 -closing cock, which, if the weighted ball were detached, would close against the pressure of the water.

Itis designed to make the reservoir and the outlet from the bottom of` the basin in one casting, or, if desired, of sheet met-al, and ofa shape that will enable my attachment to be litted to most of the'bowls now in use, and for this purpose I form the flangescon the same.

Ihe operation of my invention is as fol-k lows: The water isirst fed, under 'theusual shield, to obtain a surface-washing into the bowl, from which it flows into the reservoir,

.andthe bowl and reservoir are filled to the top of the overliow. Upon the lifting ofthe plunger the contents of .the bowl-and reser voir are discharged through the 'Waste-pipe 1),-and by the lowering` of the water inthe reservoir the cock is opened -by the descent ofthe ball, and a fresh -volume of water is let into the bowl, which completely flushesv `it. Meanwhile all odors and sewage-gasis drawn from the bowl through the opening Kl into the reservoir by "the partial Avacuumf -formed by the rapid lowering of the'waterin the reservoir, and escapes from the reservoir through the opening intothe chimney 'Hue or,`

- ventilator. I The cockk is so adjusted as vtorbenclosed;

.when the water has reached the level ofthe toplof the overiiow c, a sufficient amount escapiug from hole l5 to keep the water-seal .themanner described, and the providing of an escape for sewage-gas from the bowland reservoir.

' The ball-cock(shown in section at Fig. 4, and in elevation and plan inthe other figures) has a peculiarity of action, caused by its peculiarity of construction.

The ordinary compression ballcock depends for its action upon a iineadjustment between the position of the 'bulb and its relation to the screw in which the stem works andthe seat of the valve, and the rise ofthe Water in the reservoir -by lifting the ball screws the valve directly to the seat, and often the valve-seats are injured by a failure of this adjustment.

In the cock shown, the spring l1 com- -preses the valve to the seat by a constant power, which can never exceed, but must always be less than, the pressure ofthe spring when the water is not on, and the work of the ball is to open the valve only by .comv This requires afheavier ball than the-usual one, with less power oflotathn, and is therefore short-handled, and submerged below its center.

When the'valve is on its seat, the dotation .power of theball is exerted not'to screwthe valve to the seat, but Vto screw the cap of the cock on, and this whole combination makes a `Inovelty in ball-cocks specially useful in this apparatus, because they decrease the requisite size of reservoir B by rbeing short-handled, deeply immersed, and quickmoving, and very sensitive, and thus prevent waste of water, theimmersion lcssening the height and the shortness of handlethe length of the reservoir.

vWhen the soil-pipe D is trapped`=loelowvv the l .reservoir-.the stenclrtrap` c may be f dispensed with,` andl it is-.madesimply'as acrookedfpipe dropping into the overowd.

fHaving thus fully described lmy invention, I claim anddesire tofsecure by Letters Patent of the United States .1. In a :reservoirwater-closet, -the combi- :nation vofreservoirB with `the bowl A, by v.means of theinclined outletG--of less vertivcal than horizontal measure, and fitted @and formed to receive the'bowl iA, substantially as described.

v2. The described means rof Ventilating the reservoir B and bowl A by the communicaytion=I between the yreservoir and: bowl, vand the communication K from .the .reservoir-:t0 a Ventilating-flue, substantiallyas described.

3. :The -spring compression-,cock herein described,in whichthevalveis compressed to theseat against vthe tlowoflthe. water :solely by an independent spring, and the springpressure is relieved and the valveraised by single-acting screw-cams rotated against the pressure of the'spring by a short-handled ,ball deeply immersed, and with very slight power of flotation. 4. In a reservoir water-closet, the combination of the covered reservoir B, automatically: supplied with vwaterdischarged into the bowl, and regulated in quantity by 'mechanism in the reservoir, and havinga gas-escape, I, provided between the reservoir `and bowl, with a Asoil-pipe, D, whose capacity for discharge is suflicientlyin excess of thewatersupply to create Vaydrai't through said communication I during the discharge ofbowl, substantially as andV for the purpose described.

5. -The combination of the stenchftrap c, with thecock IL, provided with a hole for the escape of Water into the top ofthe-stench-trap, i

when -the cock vis open, whereby the waterseal in the stench-trap is prevented from being broken by evaporation, substantially as and for the purpose described.

E. RRAYMOND, 2d,`

FRANCIS RoAcH. 

